Data edition of
Residue An evidence-graded reference for peptide science

Semaglutide research

What PubMed holds on Semaglutide, sorted by study design: the papers this site relies on, every clinical-trial publication PubMed tags, and the newest additions.

PubMed records
5,706
Trial publications
341311 randomized
Reviews
1698
Human-subject tagged
3251
Animal-only
273
  • Clinical-trial publications 341
  • Reviews 1,698
  • Animal-only studies 273
  • Other (in vitro, chemistry, commentary, unindexed) 3,394
Figure 1. Composition of the Semaglutide literature by PubMed publication type and MeSH tags. Categories come from separate PubMed filters and can overlap; “animal-only” means tagged Animals and not Humans. Query: (semaglutide[tiab]).
010062011 1994: 1 records 1994 1995: 0 records 1995 1996: 0 records 1997: 0 records 1998: 0 records 1999: 0 records 2000: 0 records 2000 2001: 0 records 2002: 0 records 2003: 0 records 2004: 0 records 2005: 0 records 2005 2006: 1 records 2007: 0 records 2008: 0 records 2009: 0 records 2010: 0 records 2010 2011: 0 records 2012: 4 records 2013: 1 records 2014: 2 records 2015: 7 records 2015 2016: 18 records 2017: 76 records 2018: 116 records 2019: 117 records 2020: 155 records 2020 2021: 232 records 2022: 328 records 2023: 509 records 2024: 1024 records 2025: 1674 records 2025 2026: 2011 records (year to date) 2026
Figure 2. PubMed records per publication year matching (semaglutide[tiab]) — 5,706 in total; peak 2011 in 2026. The 2026 bar is year-to-date (hatched). Volume of literature is not evidence of efficacy. Run this query on PubMed.

Studies this site relies on

Ordered by strength of design. Conclusions are quoted verbatim from each abstract as indexed by PubMed; read the full paper before relying on any of them.

  1. Systematic review Drug Des Devel Ther · 2024 PMID 38952487

    Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: A Systematic Review

    Yang XD, Yang YY

    This review encompasses all the pharmacokinetic data for subcutaneous and oral semaglutide in both healthy and diseased participants. The existing pharmacokinetic data can assist in developing and evaluating pharmacokinetic models of semaglutide and will help clinicians predict semaglutide dosages. In addition, it can also help optimize …

  2. Phase 3 trial JAMA · 2021 PMID 33755728

    Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial

    Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, et al.

    Among adults with overweight or obesity who completed a 20-week run-in period with subcutaneous semaglutide, 2.4 mg once weekly, maintaining treatment with semaglutide compared with switching to placebo resulted in continued weight loss over the following 48 weeks.

  3. Randomized trial N Engl J Med · 2023 PMID 37952131

    Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes

    Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al.

    In patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg was superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke at a mean follow-up of 39.8 months. (Funded by …

  4. Randomized trial Diabetes Obes Metab · 2022 PMID 35441470

    Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension

    Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al.

    One year after withdrawal of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and lifestyle intervention, participants regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss, with similar changes in cardiometabolic variables. Findings confirm the chronicity of obesity and suggest ongoing treatment is required to maintain improvements in weight and …

  5. Randomized trial Nat Med · 2022 PMID 36216945

    Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial

    Garvey WT, Batterham RL, Bhatta M, et al.

    In summary, in adults with overweight (with at least one weight-related comorbidity) or obesity, semaglutide treatment led to substantial, sustained weight loss over 104 weeks versus placebo. NCT03693430.

  6. Randomized trial N Engl J Med · 2021 PMID 33567185

    Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

    Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.

    In participants with overweight or obesity, 2.4 mg of semaglutide once weekly plus lifestyle intervention was associated with sustained, clinically relevant reduction in body weight. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; STEP 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03548935).

  7. Primary study Eur J Pharm Sci · 2017 PMID 28323117

    Absorption, metabolism and excretion of the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide in humans and nonclinical species

    Jensen L, Helleberg H, Roffel A, et al.

    Intact semaglutide in urine accounted for 3.1% of the administered dose in humans and less than 1% in rats; it was not detected in urine in monkeys. The metabolite profiles of semaglutide in humans appear to be similar to the profiles from the nonclinical species investigated.

  8. Review Clin Pharmacokinet · 2018 PMID 29915923

    Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Implications of Semaglutide: A New Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1 Receptor Agonist

    Hall S, Isaacs D, Clements JN

    Semaglutide can be another acceptable option for patients with T2DM, and it has a potential role among patients who require weight loss with a low risk of hypoglycemia. This article evaluates the pharmacokinetics of semaglutide and summarizes its application to clinical practice based on efficacy and safety data.

Clinical-trial publications in PubMed

341 records carry PubMed’s clinical-trial publication type; the 40 most recent are listed. Tagging is done by NLM indexers and occasionally includes secondary analyses.

Clinical-trial publications on Semaglutide
YearTitleJournalDesign
2026Cost-effectiveness of tirzepatide versus semaglutide for patients with obesity or overweight in the US: evidence from the SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head phase-3 trialJ Med EconPhase 3 trial
2026Glycaemic Changes After Semaglutide Discontinuation in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Automated Insulin Delivery: Analysis of the ADJUST-T1D Extension StudyDiabetes Obes MetabRandomized trial
2026Efficacy of Luseogliflozin Added to Semaglutide in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised, Open-Label TrialDiabetes Obes MetabRandomized trial
2026Effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on markers of endothelial function in persons with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trialJ Diabetes ComplicationsRandomized trial
2026Once-weekly IcoSema versus once-daily insulin glargine U100 in type 2 diabetes management (COMBINE 4): an open-label, multicentre, treat-to-target, randomised, phase 3b trialLancet Diabetes EndocrinolPhase 3 trial
2026Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 12): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3b trialLancet Diabetes EndocrinolPhase 3 trial
2026Effect of semaglutide on kidney outcomes in the SELECT, FLOW, and SOUL trials: a prespecified pooled analysisLancet Diabetes EndocrinolRandomized trial
2026Efficacy and Hypoglycaemia Outcomes With Once-Weekly IcoSema Versus Comparators in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes by Kidney and Liver Function: A Post Hoc Analysis of the COMBINE 1-3 TrialsDiabetes Obes MetabRandomized trial
2026Semaglutide improves MASLD and MASH in people with HIV: The SLIM LIVER studyHIV MedPhase 2 trial
2026Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.0 mg as an Add-On to Dose-Reduced Insulin Glargine versus Dose-Titrated Insulin Glargine in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight (SUSTAIN OPTIMIZE)Diabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Efficacy of CagriSema for Reaching Anthropometric Treatment Targets and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Secondary, Post hoc Analysis of REDEFINE 1Diabetes Obes MetabRandomized trial
2026Insulin, Semaglutide and Dapagliflozin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Design and Methods of Triple Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes (TTT1)-An International Phase 3 Clinical TrialDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Semaglutide improves markers of cardiovascular risk in people with HIVAIDSPhase 2 trial
2026Oral semaglutide for weight loss and liver fibrosis in overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trialIndian J GastroenterolRandomized trial
2026Effect of Semaglutide on the Inflammatory Biomarker High-Sensitivity CRP in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease and Overweight or Obesity in SELECT: A Prespecified Secondary AnalysisCirculationPhase 3 trial
2026Oral Semaglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical TrialAm J PsychiatryPhase 2 trial
2026Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trialLancet Gastroenterol HepatolPhase 2 trial
2026Computational Trial of Prophylactic Biostimulator Interventions to Mitigate Facial Sagging Associated With GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Induced Weight LossAesthetic Plast SurgRandomized trial
2026Semaglutide Injection Once-Weekly for Weight Management in Adults: Results From A Randomized Phase III, Active-Controlled StudyDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Efficacy and Safety of Intensifying Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Treatment With Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Treat-to-Target, Phase 3b Trial (ONWARDS 8)Diabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Hepatic Safety of Orforglipron in Adults With Obesity or Overweight and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of the Orforglipron Phase 3 Clinical TrialsDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/ObesityDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 2 trial
2026Effect of semaglutide on COVID-19 and other infections: an analysis from the FLOW randomized clinical trialNephrol Dial TransplantRandomized trial
2026Weekly and Biweekly Treatment With Bofanglutide Versus Semaglutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical TrialAnn Intern MedPhase 2 trial
2026Short- and long-term effects of semaglutide 2.4 mg on energy intake, appetite, and food reward: a 60-week, double-blind randomized controlled trialAm J Clin NutrRandomized trial
2026A Computational Trial of Dermal Mechanotransduction in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Premature Facial AgeingAesthetic Plast SurgRandomized trial
2026Efficacy and safety of once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (REIMAGINE 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3a studyLancet Diabetes EndocrinolPhase 3 trial
2026Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 studyLancet Diabetes EndocrinolPhase 3 trial
2026Semaglutide 25 mg Oral Versus Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injectable: An Indirect Treatment Comparison of Weight Loss OutcomesDiabetes Obes MetabRandomized trial
2026Semaglutide Injection in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised, Phase III, Active-Controlled StudyDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 3 trial
2026Evaluation of the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of BGM0504 in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled and Double-Blind Phase II TrialDiabetes Obes MetabPhase 2 trial
2026Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 studyLancetPhase 3 trial
2026Effects of Semaglutide on Body Composition and GFR: A Prespecified Analysis of the SMART TrialClin J Am Soc NephrolRandomized trial
2026Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous CagrilintideClin PharmacokinetPhase 1 trial
2026Semaglutide versus placebo in individuals with poor weight loss after bariatric surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trialNat MedRandomized trial
2026Early Adjuvant Treatment with Semaglutide After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Class II-III Obesity: A Prospective Non-Randomized Controlled StudyObes SurgClinical trial
2026Effects of a 6-week subcutaneous infusion of native GIP alone or as add-on to semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: a single-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trialLancet Diabetes EndocrinolRandomized trial
2026Short-term comparative effects of semaglutide, either alone or in conjunction with canagliflozin, on early diabetic kidney diseasePak J Pharm SciRandomized trial
2026Orforglipron for maintenance of body weight reduction: the double-blind, randomized phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trialNat MedPhase 3 trial
2026Semaglutide and Effort-Based Decision-Making in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA PsychiatryRandomized trial

Newest records

The most recent PubMed additions for this query at the data-edition date, regardless of design.

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